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The Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument Preservation Act () is a bill that would direct the Secretary of the Interior to study the suitability and feasibility of designating the Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument in Fort Greene Park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn as a unit of the National Park System (NPS).〔 The study would look at what it would cost to run the park and how its proposed designation as a National Park would affect the surrounding area. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. ==Background== The Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument in Fort Greene Park, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, is a memorial to the more than 11,500 American prisoners of war who died in captivity aboard sixteen British prison ships during the American Revolutionary War.〔Martin, Douglas. ("Resurrecting Patriots, and Their Park; Shrine to Revolution's Martyrs Is Part of Fort Greene Renewal" ) ''New York Times'' (September 23, 1995). Accessed January 17, 2012〕 The remains of a small fraction of those who died on the ships are interred in a crypt beneath its base. The ships included the HMS ''Jersey'', the ''Scorpion'', the ''Hope'', the ''Falmouth'', the ''Stromboli'', ''Hunter'', and others.〔Cray, Robert E., Jr.. "Commemorating the Prison Ship Dead: Revolutionary Memory and the Politics of Sepulture in the Early Republic, 1776–1808," Third series, vol. 56, no. 3, (July 1999), pp.568–9〕〔Wilson, James Grant. (''The memorial History of the City of New-York, From its First Settlement to the Year 1892'' ), vol. IV New York:New-York History Company, 1893, pp.8–9. Accessed: January 22, 2012〕 During the Revolutionary War, the British maintained a series of prison ships in the New York Harbor and jails on the shore for captured prisoners of war.〔Andros, Thomas. "The old Jersey captive: Or, A narrative of the captivity of Thomas Andros...on board the old Jersey prison ship at New York, 1781. In a series of letters to a friend." W. Peirce. 1833.〕〔Lang, Patrick J.. "The horrors of the English prison ships, 1776 to 1783, and the barbarous treatment of the American patriots imprisoned on them." Society of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick, 1939.〕 Due to brutal conditions, more Americans died in British jails and prison ships in New York Harbor than in all the battles of the American Revolutionary War.〔Banks, James Lenox. "Prison ships in the Revolution: New facts in regard to their management." 1903〕〔Hanford, William H. ("Incidents of the Revolution: Recollections of the Old Sugar House Prison" ) ''New York Times'' (January 15, 1852). Accessed=February 11, 2011〕 Their remains were first gathered and interred in 1808. In 1867 landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, designers of Central Park and Prospect Park, were engaged to prepare a new design for Washington Park as well as a new crypt for the remains of the prison ship martyrs.〔("Fort Greene Park: Prison Ship Martyrs Monument: History" ) on the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation website〕 In 1873, after urban growth hemmed in that site near the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the remains were moved and re-interred in a crypt beneath a small monument. Funds were raised for a larger monument, which was designed by noted architect Stanford White. Constructed of granite, its single Doric column in height sits over the crypt at the top of a -wide 33 step staircase. At the top of the column is an eight-ton bronze brazier, a funeral urn, by sculptor Adolf Weinman. President-elect William Howard Taft delivered the principal address when the monument was dedicated in 1908. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument Preservation Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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